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Sina (19/01): America media views Harper's visit as sign of warming Canada-China relations



**In the interest of improving understanding within Canada about energy trade issues from the Chinese perspective,  Energy Bridge is providing special coverage and interpretation of relevant articles from the Chinese-language media.

**Sina.com.cn, one of China's largest Internet based companies, released an article on 19 January 2012 discussing Prime Minister Harper's planned visit to China in February.

Article:

美媒体称加拿大总理2月访华预示中加关系回暖
Translation: American media see Harper's China visit as a sign of warming Canada-China relations

Summary:

As usual, Harper is depicted as very power-savvy. In response to the reported “direct call” from Obama, Harper not only emphasizes the contribution the Keystone XL pipeline would make to employment in both Canada and the USA. He also, in good negotiating style, points out to the American president how Canada is expending great efforts to diversify its energy exports by which he is implicitly speaking of Enbridge’s Northern Gateway pipeline project.

Notes:

The article places pipeline politics in the centre of Canada’s foreign policy decision-making. As in many other Chinese reports about President Obama’s recent “rejection” of TransCanada Pipeline Ltd’s Keystone XL project, the article tends to regard this as an outright rejection of the application and not, as is actually the case, a rejection of the current iteration of the application. Experts expect a new an amended application to be submitted soon and that an approval will be granted some time after the 2012 elections in the USA.

A misunderstanding common in the Chinese press is the assumption that these pipelines are “Canadian”. The fact that companies, which are publicly listed on Canadian exchanges (i.e. Enbridge and TransCanada Pipelines), are the forces behind these projects is usually glossed over. This is almost to be expected of news reporting in a country where all major energy projects are government-directed.

Excerpt:

     环球网记者仲伟东报道,据美国有线电视新闻网1月18日消息,加拿大总理哈珀计划于2月份“高调”访问中国,这也预示着加中关系日渐回暖。目前,加拿大正计划在该国西部修建一条石油管道,这将提高对华石油出口的速度并降低出口价格。

  此外,哈伯的办公室还发表声明说,美国总统奥巴马18日致电哈珀,就美方拒绝泛加拿大公司的Keystone管道项目一事做出解释。

  声明还称,哈珀对Keystone项目遭拒的消息感到失望,他向奥巴马表示,“希望这项工程能够继续为加拿大和美国的就业以及经济增长做出贡献”。此外,哈珀还向奥巴马重申,加拿大将继续致力于实现能源出口的多元化。

Singtao (16/01): China's Three Giant Oil Companies Invest $12 Billion into Western Canadian Oil Sands [Projects]: Harper Visits China Seeking to Enlarge Canada's Market Share



**In the interest of improving understanding within Canada about energy trade issues from the Chinese perspective,  Energy Bridge is providing special coverage and interpretation of relevant articles from the Chinese-language media.

**The Canadian wing of Hong Kong-based Singtao Press released an article on 16 January 2012 discussing the state of Canada-China energy trade in the run up to Prime Minister Harper's planned visit to China in February. A summary and brief critique of this article appear below:

Article:

中国三大石油公司投资加西油砂逾160亿加元: 哈珀访华志在扩展市场份额
Translation: China's Three Giant Oil Companies Invest $12 Billion into into Western Canadian Oil Sands [Projects]: Harper Visits China Seeking to Enlarge [Canada's] Market Share

Summary:

The reason for the visit is interpreted as part of the Prime Minister's broader strategy of diversifying Canada's energy exports away from the United States towards Asia, and particularly to China. This strategy has become very explicit -- and urgent -- in the wake of the Obama administration's controversial delay of a decision on the development permit for the 700,000 barrel per day Keystone XL pipeline project until after the 2012 presidential election.

The article points out that it would be wrong to see this state visit as a way to induce the three Chinese national oil companies (CNPC, Sinopec and CNOOC) to invest in Canada. After all, these companies have already dedicated $16 billion towards Canadian oil & gas ventures since 2005. What they now want is greater government level engagement. The article fails to mention that one of the main agenda topics for the visit is the possible agreement of a new bilateral investment treaty.

As a result of a relatively low level of support in the Canadian population for large scale Chinese investment in the energy sector, however, these national oil companies have so far taken an "arm's length approach" to investing in Canada. This is manifest in the minority positions that they have taken as well as by their non-operational roles. This approach has proven effective in minimizing resistance and avoiding embarrassing rejections or publicly drawn-out decision-making processes.

Notes:

The article does not interpret PetroChina's recent outright takeover of Athabasca Oil Sands Corp nor Sinopec's acquisiton of Daylight Energy as a change in this approach. Moreover, the title is misleading ("Western Canadian Oil Sands") since it implies that the Chinese companies are making investments exclusively into oil sands ventures whereas the Daylight Energy deal, for instance, is predominantly a natural gas play. It also neglects to mention that the energy-directed investments from China are not all coming from these three oil companies. This is evidenced by the China Investment Corp's partnership with Penn West Exploration to develop Penn West's Peace River oil sands properties. Furthermore, the Prime Minister's goal is not to enlarge market share per se, but to diversify Canada's energy exports away from the United States toward Asian markets. This shift does not necessarily represent a decrease in energy exports to the United States in an absolute sense, but only in a relative one. 

The article also draws attention to the very "low profile" taken by Canada's Minister of Natural Resources Joe Oliver in his November 2011 trip to China where he met with representatives of China's three national oil companies. The suggestion is that natural resource-related business between Canada and China is highly sensitive and that both sides regard reduced media coverage as desirable.

Excerpt:

    总理哈珀(Stephen Harper)定于2月中再度访华,为加拿大石油争取中国市场,但事实上,中国过去两年加速投资加拿大,三家大型石油公司(即中石化、中石油和中海油,俗称「三桶油」)更四出寻找石油资源。

    中国总理温家宝刻正访问沙特阿拉伯,随行的中石化(Sinopec)代表14日在沙特签署价值百亿美元建炼油厂协议;1月4日,中石油(PetroChina)也以19亿加元,全资收购亚省油砂项目,凸显中国主要油公司加速抢滩美国能源后院——加拿大油砂资源。
 
    中国「三桶油」目前投资加国油砂总金额逾160亿加元。专家指加中能源合作是双赢局面,但民众对中国的投资往往存在误解。
 
    事实上,中国驻加拿大大使章均赛昨天在多伦多出席一个公开场合时表示,中国本身拥有庞大的市场,而加拿大则具备丰富的资源环境;因此,十分欢迎加国企业去中国投资,而且这方面的发展十分顺利。
 
    他又提到,资源能源是彼此感兴趣的话题,故此将是中加两国的合作重点。

HC360 (2009/12/02): Canada's Prime Minister Visits China: On How a Canadian Prime Minister's Power is Constituted



**In the interest of improving understanding within Canada about energy trade issues from the Chinese perspective,  Energy Bridge is providing special coverage and interpretation of relevant articles from the Chinese-language media.

**HC360.com.cn online article from 2 December 2009 explains the nature, extent and historical evolution of a Canadian Prime Minister's powers. The article was published in advance of Prime Minister Harper's previous visit to China. 

Article:

加拿大总理访华 看加拿大总理是如何炼成的
Translation: Canada's Prime Minister Visits China: On How a Canadian Prime Minister's Power is Constituted

Excerpt:

     初闻加拿大总理访华,细细翻看加拿大总理斯蒂芬·哈珀的相关资料,才发现,原来加拿大总理是加拿大政府的最高官员,是拥有实权的人物。那么加拿大总理是如何炼成的,且看下文介绍。

    一.介绍

    加拿大总理是加拿大政府的最高官员。虽然英国皇室(由总督代表)是加拿大的元首,总理才是拥有真正权力的人。加拿大总理通常是加拿大国会下议院席位最多的党派的领袖,但两位上议院议员曾经担任过临时总理。

    所有年满18岁或以上的加拿大国民都有资格参选为加拿大总理。现在,大多数的加拿大总理都可以说英语和法语。由1951年起,所有的总理的官邸都是在首都渥太华的24SussexDrive。加拿大头8位总理都被英国皇室颁发头衔(Sir),直至到1919年加拿大国会立法,“要求”英国皇室不再将头衔给予加拿大国民。

    二.加拿大总理任期介绍

    加拿大下议院议员的任期也不可以超过5年,但是总理可以在任何时候要求总督解散国会和重选新的下议院和政府。虽然任期也不可以超过5年,如果总理和内阁没有下议院的“信任”,他们要向总督辞职。如果执政党在下议院有过半的议席,总理和内阁是个大多数政府。如果执政党在下议院有少过50%的议席,总理和内阁是个少数政府。一般来说,大多数政府的任期是长过少数政府。小数政府的寿命平均只有18个月。加拿大任期最短的总理是克拉克(JoeClark)。克拉克的少数政府在1979年因为不信任票而被迫下台,任期只有9个月

    三.权利介绍

    加拿大总理在国会下议院有很大的权力。加拿大的政党都要求它们每一个国会议员都要遵守本政党纪律,例如在国会上决议是跟随党领袖的决定。

    现在,虽然加拿大总理是民主选举产生的,他比其他自由民主国家的领导人拥有更多权力。例如,在外交上,美国总统没有加拿大总理那么多权力。美国政府通过国际条约的权力是属于美国国会上议院的。在国内,美国总统的内阁成员都要上下议院投票通过。而且,美国没有政党纪律,所以总统不可以控制同党议员任何投票。

    四.加拿大总理在国会的角色

    加拿大总理在通过议案中扮演非常重要的角色。大多数的议案都是由总理委任的内阁提出的。虽然理论上,所有内阁的决定要一致,但是实质上,总理拥有全部的决定权。总理有权委任以下的政府职位:
  •     加拿大总督
  •     内阁成员
  •     大使
  •     加拿大国会上议院议员
  •     以下的职位总理有直接委任权
  •     加拿大国企的主席例如:加拿大邮政、加拿大铁路最高法院的法官
  •     加拿大联邦政府属下的机构